Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert Equation

The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation describes how the magnetic moment of a material—think of it as tiny bar magnets within the material—changes over time when exposed to magnetic fields. It accounts for two main effects: the magnetic moment tends to align with the applied magnetic field, and it also experiences a damping process that gradually reduces its motion or precession. This equation helps scientists understand and predict the behavior of magnetic materials in devices like hard drives and sensors, capturing both the directional change and energy loss of magnetic moments during their dynamic response.