Landau levels

Landau levels are the quantized energy states that electrons occupy when they move in a strong magnetic field. Instead of moving freely, the electrons' motion becomes constrained into specific circular orbits with discrete energy values. This quantization occurs because the magnetic field changes the electrons' paths and energy, creating distinct levels similar to steps. Landau levels are fundamental in understanding phenomena like the quantum Hall effect and influence the electronic properties of materials exposed to magnetic fields. They reflect how magnetic forces impose a special order on electrons' energies in quantum mechanics.