Kingdon's Model

Kingdon’s Model explains how policies are made by highlighting three interconnected streams: problems, policies, and politics. The problem stream involves issues that need attention; the policy stream includes potential solutions developed by experts; and the politics stream reflects public opinion, interest groups, and political climate. When these three streams align, a "policy window" opens, enabling the creation or change of policies. This model emphasizes that policy change is often opportunistic, occurring when the timing is right and multiple factors converge, rather than through a linear process.