King Philip IV of France

King Philip IV of France, also known as Philip the Fair, ruled from 1285 to 1314. He is notable for centralizing royal power and expanding France's territory and influence. Philip engaged in conflicts with the papacy, leading to the infamous capture and temporary imprisonment of Pope Boniface VIII, and he later moved the papacy to Avignon. His reign saw significant economic and political developments but also increased tensions with the nobility and clergy. His policies laid the groundwork for France's future as a powerful state but also contributed to social unrest that would erupt in later centuries.