King John II of Portugal

King John II of Portugal, who reigned from 1481 to 1495, is often regarded as one of the most effective Portuguese monarchs. He is notable for his efforts to strengthen royal authority, promote exploration, and enhance Portugal's overseas trade. Under his leadership, explorers like Bartolomeu Dias reached the southern tip of Africa, paving the way for sea routes to India. His reign is marked by significant advancements in navigation and maritime dominance. However, his authoritarian style and conflicts with the nobility led to tension. John II's policies laid the groundwork for Portugal's Golden Age of exploration in the 16th century.