Khwarazmian Empire

The Khwarazmian Empire was a powerful medieval state in Central Asia that thrived from the late 11th to early 13th centuries. It covered much of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, and Turkmenistan. Known for its strong administration, trade, and cultural development, especially in cities like Urgench and Khiva, it was a key hub along the Silk Road. The empire's decline began when it clashed with the Mongol Empire led by Genghis Khan, culminating in devastating invasions around 1219–1220. Despite its fall, it left a lasting legacy in Central Asian history and culture.