Karez

Karez is an ancient underground water management system used to supply water in arid regions. It consists of gently sloping tunnels that tap into underground aquifers, channeling water from high-altitude mountains to lower-lying areas for irrigation and drinking. This method minimizes evaporation and reduces surface water loss, making it highly efficient in dry environments. Karez systems often include wells, ventilation shafts, and distribution channels, reflecting sophisticated engineering adapted to harsh climates. Historically used in Central Asia, Iran, and China, they have supported agriculture and communities sustainably for centuries.