Justin Kruger

Justin Kruger is a psychologist known for his research on self-awareness and judgment errors, especially the "Dunning-Kruger effect." This effect describes how people with limited knowledge or skills in a certain area often overestimate their competence, while more skilled individuals may underestimate theirs. Essentially, when people lack expertise, they’re often unaware of their actual deficiencies, leading to inflated confidence. Kruger's work highlights the importance of self-awareness and humility in accurate self-assessment and decision-making across various contexts, including education, workplaces, and everyday life.