John Langdon Down

John Langdon Down was a British physician who is best known for his work in identifying and describing Down syndrome, a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. In 1862, he published observations on the physical and cognitive characteristics of individuals with this condition, initially referring to it as "Mongolism" due to perceived similarities with features of people from Mongolia, a term now considered outdated and offensive. His contributions greatly advanced the understanding of Down syndrome, leading to better care and support for affected individuals and their families.