James W. McCulloch

James W. McCulloch was an early 19th-century American banker known for his role in a significant U.S. Supreme Court case, McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). This case established that federal laws have supremacy over state laws and confirmed the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States. McCulloch, as the cashier of the bank, challenged Maryland's attempt to tax it, and the Court ruled that the federal government has implied powers beyond those explicitly listed in the Constitution. His case helped define the balance of power between state and federal governments.