Jain cosmological model

The Jain cosmological model presents a unique view of the universe as eternal, without beginning or end. It depicts the cosmos as a vast, structured universe with two main parts: the spherical "Urdhva Loka" (upper world) of celestial beings, and the "Adho Loka" (lower world) of humans, animals, and hellish realms. The universe is cyclical, continuously undergoing periods of rise, stability, decline, and renewal, governed by natural laws rather than divine intervention. It emphasizes that the universe functions through cosmic principles like karma and natural order, highlighting the importance of ethical behavior to align with these laws.