isothermal process

An isothermal process is a thermodynamic event in which a system, such as a gas, remains at a constant temperature while it changes in volume or pressure. This typically occurs in slow processes, allowing heat to flow in or out to maintain the temperature. For example, when you slowly compress a gas in a cylinder, it warms up, but if it's kept in contact with a cooler surface, heat can escape, keeping the temperature steady. Isothermal processes are important in many applications, including engines and refrigeration, where maintaining temperature is crucial for efficiency.