Islamic epistemology

Islamic epistemology is the study of how Muslims understand and acquire knowledge about the truth. It emphasizes that knowledge comes from divine sources—primarily Allah’s revealed guidance through the Quran and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad—and is complemented by human reasoning (ijtihad) and observation of the world. Faith and reason work together to discern what is true. Ultimately, knowledge in Islam aims to lead believers closer to God, balancing spiritual insight with rational inquiry, and recognizing that divine revelation holds the highest authority in understanding reality.