Interfacial Phenomena

Interfacial phenomena refer to the behaviors and properties that occur at the boundary between two different phases, such as liquids, gases, or solids. These phenomena include surface tension, adsorption, and wettability, which influence how these phases interact—like droplets forming, bubbles stabilizing, or liquids spreading on surfaces. They are important in many natural processes and industrial applications, such as cleaning, painting, emulsification, and in biological systems. Understanding interfacial phenomena helps us control and optimize these interactions for desired outcomes across science and engineering.