Integrated Circuit Manufacturing

Integrated circuit manufacturing involves creating tiny electronic circuits on a semiconductor wafer, typically silicon. The process begins with designing the circuit layout, then fabricating it through precise steps such as depositing thin layers of materials, etching away unwanted parts, and doping areas to alter electrical properties. These steps are repeated to build complex, multi-layered structures. Advanced techniques like photolithography use light to transfer patterns onto the wafer. Once complete, the wafer is cut into individual chips, tested for quality, and packaged for use in electronic devices. This process enables the production of the compact, powerful microchips found in computers, smartphones, and many other electronics.