Inertial Navigation System

An Inertial Navigation System (INS) is a device that determines an object’s position and movement without relying on external signals like GPS. It uses sensors called accelerometers and gyroscopes to measure changes in acceleration and rotation, tracking how the object moves over time. By integrating these measurements, it continuously estimates the object’s location, velocity, and orientation. INS is commonly used in aircraft, submarines, and spacecraft for precise navigation, especially where external signals are unavailable or unreliable. Though highly accurate for short periods, it can drift over time and often combines with other navigation methods to maintain precision.