Indigenous Peoples of Texas

The Indigenous Peoples of Texas are the original inhabitants of the region, with diverse cultures and histories predating European contact. Groups such as the Caddo, Comanche, Apache, Karankawa, and Coahuiltecan developed unique languages, societies, and traditions adapted to Texas’s varied environments. Their histories include thriving civilizations, shifts due to European colonization, forced relocations, and ongoing efforts to preserve their cultural heritage and gain recognition. Today, many Indigenous communities in Texas continue to maintain sovereignty, cultural practices, and advocate for rights and acknowledgment of their historical presence in the state.