India-Pakistan border dispute

The India-Pakistan border dispute centers on the Kashmir region, which both countries claim in full but currently control different parts. After gaining independence in 1947, conflicts and wars ensued, leading to the establishment of the Line of Control (LoC) as a de facto boundary. Issues remain over territorial sovereignty, especially concerning Jammu and Kashmir, with histories of political tension, military standoffs, and efforts at diplomacy. The dispute affects regional stability and involves complex historical, religious, and political factors, making it one of the world's most persistent and sensitive territorial disagreements.