independence of India and Pakistan

India and Pakistan gained independence from British rule in 1947 through a process driven by the demand for self-governance and the recognition of religious and cultural differences, primarily between Hindus and Muslims. This led to the partition of British India into two separate nations: India, with a Hindu majority, and Pakistan, with a Muslim majority. The partition was accompanied by mass migrations and violence, reflecting deep divisions. Independence meant both countries could now govern themselves and pursue their national identities, but it also brought ongoing challenges related to borders, refugees, and relations.