Idumea

Idumea, also known as Edom, was an ancient region located southeast of Israel, primarily inhabited by the Edomites, who descended from Esau, Jacob's brother. It was a land of rugged mountains and deserts, known historically for trade routes and conflict with neighboring kingdoms. The area played a significant role in biblical history and was later controlled by various empires, including the Nabateans and Romans. Today, the territory roughly corresponds to parts of southern Jordan and the southern West Bank, with remains of its ancient culture and settlements reflecting its historical importance.