ice flow dynamics

Ice flow dynamics describe how glaciers and ice sheets move slowly over land due to gravity. The ice deforms and slides, influenced by factors like temperature, pressure, and underlying terrain. Flow can happen through internal deformation—where ice crystals gradually change shape—and basal sliding—where the ice slides over bedrock or sediment, often lubricated by meltwater. These processes determine how ice mass melts, advances, or retreats, impacting sea levels and climate patterns. Understanding ice flow dynamics helps scientists predict future changes in polar regions and their global effects.