Hydrothermal Circulation Theory

Hydrothermal circulation theory describes how seawater seeps into the ocean floor, where it gets heated by magma from below. This hot water then rises back to the surface, carrying dissolved minerals and nutrients. This process is vital for underwater ecosystems, as it supports life around hydrothermal vents, where unique organisms thrive in harsh conditions. It also plays a key role in recycling minerals and maintaining ocean chemistry, thereby influencing global climate and marine habitats.