HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM)

HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) is a neurological condition caused by the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). It leads to inflammation of the spinal cord, resulting in gradual weakness, muscle stiffness, and difficulty walking. Symptoms often develop slowly over years, affecting balance and bladder control. The infection is typically transmitted through blood, sexual contact, or from mother to child. While there’s no cure, treatments focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. HAM reflects how a viral infection can sometimes cause long-term neurological issues, especially in those with immune system responses that target the nervous system.