History of the Jews in Russia

The history of Jews in Russia spans over a millennium, marked by periods of prosperity and severe hardship. Jews first settled in the region around the 10th century, but faced frequent discrimination, expulsions, and anti-Semitic policies, especially from the 17th to early 20th centuries. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, many fled Russia due to pogroms and repression, migrating internationally. Despite harsh conditions, Jewish culture and religion persisted, contributing significantly to Russian society. After the Soviet Union's formation, Jewish life was restricted, but a renaissance occurred in later years. Today, Jews in Russia continue to maintain their heritage amid ongoing social and political challenges.