Historical shipbuilding techniques

Historical shipbuilding techniques involve the construction of ships using natural materials and craftsmanship prevalent in different cultures. Builders initially used wood, shaping it into hulls with hand tools and methods like plank-on-frame, where planks were attached to a skeleton frame. Techniques varied by region—Vikings used clinker (overlapping planks), while Mediterranean cultures preferred carvel (smooth, edge-to-edge planks). Rigging and sails were added for propulsion, utilizing canvas and ropes. As technology advanced, iron and steel replaced wood, leading to more durable designs. These techniques reflect human ingenuity and adaptation to maritime needs throughout history.