Hemolytic transfusion reaction

A hemolytic transfusion reaction occurs when a patient receives a blood transfusion with incompatible blood types. The immune system mistakenly recognizes the transfused red blood cells as foreign and attacks them, leading to their destruction (hemolysis). This can cause symptoms like fever, chills, back pain, and dark urine, and may result in serious complications such as kidney damage or shock. To prevent this, blood is carefully matched to ensure compatibility before transfusions are given. Prompt recognition and treatment of a hemolytic reaction are vital for patient safety.