Hematological malignancies

Hematological malignancies are cancers that originate in the blood-forming tissues, such as the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. They involve the abnormal growth and division of blood cells, most commonly white blood cells, which can disrupt normal immune function. These cancers include leukemia (cancer of blood cell production), lymphoma (cancer of lymphatic tissue), and multiple myeloma (cancer of plasma cells). They can develop gradually or rapidly and may cause symptoms like fatigue, infections, and swollen lymph nodes. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, and sometimes stem cell transplants.