Helmholtz double layer

The Helmholtz double layer is a structure that forms at the boundary between a charged surface, like an electrode, and a liquid. It consists of two layers: one is a layer of ions tightly attached to the surface, and the other is a diffuse layer of ions in the surrounding liquid. These layers create an electric field that influences how charges interact at the interface, playing a vital role in processes like electrochemistry and sensors. Essentially, it acts as a shield or buffer, controlling how charges and ions communicate across the boundary.