Hellenistic Kingdoms

The Hellenistic Kingdoms were a series of states formed after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE. As his vast empire fragmented, his generals, known as the Diadochi, fought for control and established their own kingdoms, including the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt and the Seleucid Empire in Persia. This era, lasting until about 30 BCE, was marked by the spread of Greek culture, arts, and science. It blended Greek and Eastern influences, leading to advancements in philosophy, literature, and technology, while fostering trade and cultural exchanges across Europe, Asia, and Africa.