Heider's Balance Theory

Heider's Balance Theory explains how people tend to prefer harmonious relationships among their beliefs, attitudes, and social connections. When relationships among three elements—such as a person, another individual, and an idea—are perceived as balanced, individuals feel psychological comfort. For example, if you like a friend who supports a view you share, that's balanced. Conversely, if there's tension—like disliking a friend who holds a view you oppose—you may feel discomfort and might change your attitude or relationships to restore balance. The theory highlights our innate drive to seek consistency and harmony in our social and belief systems.