HDAC (histone deacetylase)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that regulate gene activity by removing acetyl groups from histones, which are proteins around which DNA is wrapped. When acetyl groups are removed, the DNA becomes more tightly coiled, making genes less accessible for activity. Conversely, adding acetyl groups relaxes the DNA structure, enabling gene expression. HDACs play a vital role in controlling when and how genes are turned on or off, impacting processes like cell growth, development, and response to signals. Abnormal HDAC activity is linked to various diseases, including cancer, making them important targets for certain therapies.