Hard water

Hard water contains high levels of dissolved minerals, primarily calcium and magnesium ions. These minerals originate from the minerals in the earth that water passes through or over. When used, hard water can cause scale buildup inside pipes and appliances, reducing their efficiency and lifespan. It may also react with soap to form a scum, making cleaning less effective. While harmless to health in most cases, hard water can be inconvenient and may require treatment, such as water softening, to reduce mineral content and improve its usability.