Graves

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to become overactive—a condition called hyperthyroidism. This leads to excess production of thyroid hormones, which can increase heart rate, cause weight loss, sweating, and nervousness. People with Graves’ may also develop bulging eyes, known as Graves’ orbitopathy. The exact cause isn’t fully understood but involves genetic and environmental factors. Treatment options include medications to control hormone levels, radioactive iodine to reduce thyroid activity, or surgery to remove part of the thyroid.