glaciation

Glaciation refers to the process by which large ice sheets and glaciers form, expand, and cover significant parts of the Earth's surface. It occurs when temperatures drop sufficiently to cause snow to accumulate faster than it melts, gradually compacting into ice. Over time, these massive ice formations reshape landscapes through erosion and deposition, carving valleys and transporting debris. Glaciation cycles are driven by long-term climate changes, such as Earth's orbit variations, and significantly influence global sea levels and climate patterns. These processes have occurred periodically throughout Earth's history, shaping many of the planet's features visible today.