German Judicial System

Germany’s judicial system is based on civil law principles, ensuring laws are applied consistently. Courts are organized into general and specialized branches. The Federal Constitutional Court guards the constitution and fundamental rights. Ordinary courts handle civil, criminal, and administrative cases, progressing from local courts (Amtsgerichte) to regional courts (Landgerichte), then higher courts like the Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof). Administrative, fiscal, and social courts resolve specialized disputes. Judges are independent, and proceedings emphasize legality and fairness. Overall, the system ensures justice through structured, hierarchical courts with clear legal procedures.