Geometric Isomers

Geometric isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and bonds, but differ in how their atoms are arranged in space. This spatial arrangement affects their shape; for example, in a molecule with double bonds, groups attached can be on the same side (cis) or opposite sides (trans). These differences lead to variations in physical and chemical properties, even though the molecules have the same atoms connected in the same order. Geometric isomerism is common in compounds like alkenes and rings, where restricted rotation around bonds creates distinct arrangements.