genetic coding

Genetic coding is the process by which instructions in an organism's DNA determine how proteins are made. DNA contains sequences called genes, which are made up of four chemical bases. These bases form codes, similar to a language, that specify the order of amino acids to build proteins. During protein synthesis, this code is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which then guides the assembly of amino acids into precise proteins. This coding system is fundamental for controlling biological functions and traits in living organisms, ensuring that cells produce the correct proteins needed for growth, repair, and overall functioning.