Gastroesophageal Variceal Bleeding

Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding occurs when enlarged veins in the stomach or lower esophagus, known as varices, rupture and bleed due to increased pressure in the portal vein system. This condition often results from liver cirrhosis, which impairs blood flow through the liver, causing blood to back up and enlarge these veins. When they rupture, it can cause severe, potentially life-threatening bleeding. Symptoms include vomiting blood, black stools, and dizziness. Treatment focuses on stopping the bleeding, reducing pressure in the veins, and addressing the underlying liver disease to prevent recurrence.