G-proteins

G-proteins are molecular switches inside cells that help transmit signals from outside the cell to its interior. When a signaling molecule (like a hormone) binds to a receptor on the cell surface, it activates the G-protein, causing it to change shape and relay the message inside. This process regulates various functions such as growth, metabolism, and sensory perceptions. G-proteins then turn off or reset, ready to respond to new signals. They are essential for cell communication and are involved in many physiological processes and drug targets.