fumarole

A fumarole is an opening in the Earth's crust, often found near volcanoes, where volcanic gases and vapors escape into the atmosphere. These vents release steam, sulfur dioxide, and other gases that have been heated by magma beneath the surface. Fumaroles can create unique landscapes with mineral deposits called sinter or geyserite around the vent. They are important indicators of volcanic activity and help scientists monitor the Earth's geothermal systems. Unlike eruptions that involve lava, fumaroles primarily emit gases and steam, revealing the ongoing geothermal processes beneath the Earth's surface.