freshwater ecology principles

Freshwater ecology studies the interactions among living organisms and their environment in lakes, rivers, and wetlands. It emphasizes how nutrient levels, water flow, and physical habitat influence the diversity and health of aquatic life. Healthy freshwater systems depend on balanced nutrient inputs, proper oxygen levels, and habitat complexity, supporting everything from tiny microorganisms to fish and plants. Understanding these principles helps manage water quality, conserve ecosystems, and ensure sustainable use of freshwater resources for people and wildlife.