free volume theory

Free volume theory explains how the empty spaces, or "free volume," within a material affect its properties, particularly in liquids and gases. In essence, the larger the free volume, the more room there is for particles to move around. This movement is crucial for understanding behaviors like viscosity, diffusion, and how materials respond to temperature changes. As temperature increases, particles gain energy, creating more free volume, leading to changes in the substance’s physical characteristics. This theory helps scientists and engineers design better materials in industries like polymers, pharmaceuticals, and food technology.