Free space path loss

Free space path loss (FSPL) refers to the reduction in signal strength that occurs as radio waves travel through free space, meaning air without obstacles. When a signal is transmitted, it spreads out as it moves away from the source. The farther the signal travels, the weaker it becomes, due to this spreading effect and also due to the physical properties of the environment. FSPL is usually measured in decibels (dB) and is influenced by the distance between the transmitter and receiver, as well as the frequency of the signal. Understanding FSPL is important for effective communication systems.