fractional quantum Hall effect

The fractional quantum Hall effect occurs in extremely cold, thin layers of material exposed to strong magnetic fields. Here, electrons behave collectively, forming special states where their electrical charge appears to divide into smaller, fractional parts. This results in precise, quantized electrical conductance that changes in fractional amounts, revealing an incredible link between quantum physics and electrical properties. Essentially, it showcases how electrons can organize into unique patterns under extreme conditions, leading to new quantum phenomena with potential implications for advanced technologies like quantum computing.