flagella

Flagella are long, whip-like structures that protrude from the surface of some cells, including many bacteria and certain protozoa. They function like tiny propellers, rotating to push the cell through liquids. This movement helps microorganisms swim toward nutrients or away from harmful environments, playing a crucial role in their survival and behavior. Flagella are made of protein and are anchored in the cell membrane, with their rotation powered by cellular energy. Their structure and movement are essential for many microorganisms to find food, escape danger, and establish infections.