First Vatican Council

The First Vatican Council, held between 1869 and 1870, was an important gathering of Catholic Church leaders aimed at addressing modern challenges to church authority. It reaffirmed core doctrines like the Pope’s authority and the teaching of faith and morals. The council also discussed topics like church teachings on science and philosophy, emphasizing the Pope’s role as the spiritual leader. Its most notable outcome was the formal definition of Papal Infallibility, declaring that under specific conditions, the Pope is preserved from error in teachings on faith and morals. The council significantly shaped contemporary Catholic doctrine and governance.