Filoque Controversy

The Filioque controversy centers on a theological dispute within Christianity regarding the phrase "and the Son" in the Nicene Creed, specifically concerning the Holy Spirit's origin. Western Christians (mainly Roman Catholics) believe the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son, while Eastern Christians (mainly Orthodox) argue He proceeds only from the Father. This disagreement highlights deeper issues of authority and interpretation within the Church and contributed to the Great Schism of 1054, which split Eastern and Western Christianity into separate branches that still exist today.