Fatimids

The Fatimids were a prominent Islamic dynasty that originated in North Africa around the 10th century, claiming descent from Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad. They established a powerful empire with Cairo as their capital, promoting religious scholarship, architecture, and trade. The Fatimids were a Shia Muslim group, contrasting with the Sunni majority in the Muslim world, which sometimes led to regional conflicts. Their rule lasted until the 12th century, leaving a lasting cultural and religious legacy, including impressive architecture like the Al-Azhar Mosque and advancements in education and arts.