Ethnic diversity in Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus, the medieval Muslim-ruled region in the Iberian Peninsula, was a vibrant mosaic of ethnicities, including Arabs, Berbers, Jews, Christians, and others. This diversity resulted from centuries of conquest, trade, and coexistence, leading to a rich cultural exchange in language, science, and arts. Different communities often lived side by side, influencing each other while maintaining distinct traditions. The coexistence fostered a unique, pluralistic society where multiple identities and beliefs contributed to a flourishing era of knowledge and cultural development between the 8th and 15th centuries.