encoding (UTF-8)

UTF-8 is a way computers encode text so that different characters—like letters, numbers, and symbols—can be stored and transmitted consistently. It assigns each character a unique binary code, using a variable length (from 1 to 4 bytes) depending on how common or complex the character is. For example, basic Latin letters use just one byte, while more complex characters, like emojis or characters from other languages, use multiple bytes. This system ensures compatibility across different systems and languages, allowing the same text to be correctly displayed everywhere without confusion.